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Directory of Authors from the Journal and their last article.

Majid MirzazadehView Articles

Volume 14, Number 3Case Review

Multibacterial Growth From a Surgical Renal Stone Culture: A Case Report and Literature Review

Dean G AssimosRoss P HolmesJessica N LangePatrick W MufarrijMajid Mirzazadeh

Urinary calculi may harbor bacteria, and this may lead to deleterious events during stone fragmentation and removal. The isolation of such bacteria from surgically extracted calculi allows for the specific tailoring of antimicrobial therapy. Here, we describe a case involving percutaneous stone removal from which the stone culture demonstrated growth of five different microorganisms. The results of this culture prompted a change in the antibiotic coverage, resulting in a more targeted treatment and improved patient care. [Rev Urol. 2012;14(3/4):108-114 doi: 10.3909/riu0561] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

Urinary tract infectionNephrolithiasisStone culture

Malgorzata E Skaznik-WikielView Articles

Volume 17, Number 4Review Articles

Fertility Preservation Options for Men and Women With Cancer

Management Update

Malgorzata E Skaznik-WikielSara Babcock GilbertRandall B MeachamLaxmi A Kondapalli

Approximately 0.2% of Americans aged 20 to 39 years are childhood cancer survivors. Advances in cancer detection and therapy have greatly improved survival rates for young cancer patients; however, treatment of childhood cancers can adversely impact reproductive function. Many cancer patients report a strong desire to be informed of existing options for fertility preservation and future reproduction prior to initiation of gonadotoxic cancer therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. This article discusses, in detail, the effects of cancer treatment on fertility in men and women, and outlines both current and experimental methods of fertility preservation among cancer patients. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(4):211-219 doi: 10.3909/riu0666] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Fertility preservationChildhood cancerSperm cryopreservationTesticular tissue cryopreservationSpermatogonial stem cell cryopreservationEmbryo cryopreservationOocyte cryopreservationOvarian tissue cryopreservation

Mang L ChenView Articles

Volume 18, Number 2Review Articles

Urethral Strictures and Stenoses Caused by Prostate Therapy

Treatment Update

Andres F CorreaMang L ChenRichard A Santucci

The number of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia is on the rise. As a result, the volume of prostate treatment and treatment-related complications is also increasing. Urethral strictures and stenoses are relatively common complications that require individualized management based on the length and location of the obstruction, and the patient’s overall health, and goals of care. In general, less invasive options such as dilation and urethrotomy are preferred as first-line therapy, followed by more invasive substitution, flap, and anastomotic urethroplasty. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):90-102 doi: 10.3909/riu0685] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerBenign prostatic hyperplasiaComplicationsStrictureStenosis

Manoj SrivastavaView Articles

Volume 15, Number 3Case Review

Obstructed Bifid Uretereric System Causing Unilateral Hydronephrosis

Amyn BhamaniManoj Srivastava

Bifid ureters are a common malformation of the urinary system. In clinical practice, hydronephrosis resulting from obstruction of such a system is rare. The authors present a case involving an 88-year-old man admitted to the hospital with symptoms of renal failure, where bifid ureters were found incidentally in a hydronephrotic kidney during an emergency nephrostomy. This had been missed on a previous CT scan, resulting in a unique therapeutic dilemma. [ Rev Urol. 2013;15(3):131-134 doi: 10.3909/riu0578] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

Bifid uretersHydronephrosisNephrostomy

Mara HoltonView Articles

Volume 23, Number 3Business of Urology

The Business of Independent Urologic Medicine: Caring for Patients While Operating a Business in a Post–COVID-19 Era of Private Practice

Nathan P. DillerMara Holton

Primum non nocere—“First, do no harm.” Independent medicine is challenged not only to achieve outcomes that patients value but also not to intentionally harm their business in the process. The COVID-19 pandemic and postpandemic regulatory environment have added new limitations on and restrictions to independent practices’ ability to innovate, grow, and provide stable access to meet their communities’ urologic needs. In the face of these challenges, independent medicine is at its strongest when it continues to press toward meeting its social contract with its community. Conversely, but just as importantly, society needs to be mindful of its social contract with the health care workforce.

UrologyPrivate practiceCOVID-19

Marc A BeaghlerView Articles
Marc A BjurlinView Articles
Marc B GarnickView Articles
Marc CalabreseView Articles

Volume 17, Number 3Review Articles

Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women

Izak FaienaNeal PatelJaspreet S PariharMarc CalabreseHari Tunuguntla

Urinary incontinence in women has a high prevalence and causes significant morbidity. Given that urinary incontinence is not generally a progressive disease, conservative therapies play an integral part in the management of these patients. We conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature to identify high-quality studies that evaluated the different components of conservative management of stress urinary incontinence, including behavioral therapy, bladder training, pelvic floor muscle training, lifestyle changes, mechanical devices, vaginal cones, and electrical stimulation. Urinary incontinence can have a severe impact on our healthcare system and patients’ quality of life. There are currently a wide variety of treatment options for these patients, ranging from conservative treatment to surgical treatment. Although further research is required in the area of conservative therapies, nonsurgical treatments are effective and are preferred by some patients. [Rev Urol. 2015;17(3):129-139 doi: 10.3909/riu0651] © 2015 MedReviews®, LLC

Urinary incontinenceWomenConservative management

Marcella NachmannView Articles

Volume 14, Number 1Case Review

Adult Wilms’ Tumor With a Unique Presentation of High-Grade Fever, Photophobia, and Headache

Jay KrishnanJerome PietrasMarcella Nachmann

Wilms’ tumor is the second most common tumor in children, accounting for 6% to 7% of all childhood tumors. However, in adults, it is a rare occurrence. The true incidence of adult Wilms’ tumor is difficult to ascertain because of its rarity in the adult population. A review of literature demonstrates that fewer than 300 cases have been reported worldwide. Treatment guidelines in adults have not been established, although reported prognosis is worse for adults compared with children because the disease is more advanced in adults at the time of diagnosis. Reported here is a case of adult Wilms’ tumor presenting as high-grade fever and abnormal laboratory values. [ Rev Urol. 2012;14(1/2):31-34 doi: 10.3909/riu0541] © 2012 MedReviews®, LLC

Wilms’ tumorRenal massOpen radical nephrectomyMultimodal therapy

Marco RossoView Articles

Volume 15, Number 4Review Articles

Intracavitary Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Upper Urinary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence

Systematic Review

Luca CarmignaniRoberto BianchiGabriele CozziNicola MacchioneCarlo MarenghiSara MelegariMarco RossoElena TondelliAugusto MaggioniAngelica Grasso

A review of the literature was performed to summarize current evidence regarding the efficacy of topical immunotherapy and chemotherapy for upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UUT-UCC) in terms of post-treatment recurrence rates. A Medline database literature search was performed in March 2012 using the terms upper urinary tract, urothelial cancer, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and mitomycin C. A total of 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 19 studies reporting the outcomes of patients who underwent immunotherapy or chemotherapy with curative or adjuvant intent for UUT-UCC were chosen for quantitative analysis. Overall, the role of immunotherapy and chemotherapy for UUT-UCC is not firmly established. The most established practice is the treatment of carcinoma in situ (CIS) with BCG, even if a significant advantage has not yet been proven. The use of BCG as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of papillary UUT-UCC has been studied less extensively, even if recurrence rates are not significantly different than after the treatment of CIS. Only a few reports describe the use of mitomycin C, making it difficult to obtain significant evidence. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(4):145-153 doi: 10.3909/riu0579] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

ImmunotherapyChemotherapyBacillus Calmette-GuérinUpper urinary tractUrothelial cell carcinomaMitomycin C

Marcus CognettiView Articles

Volume 22, Number 3Review Articles

The Impact of Systematic Safety Precautions on COVID-19 Risk Exposure and Transmission Rates in Outpatient Healthcare Workers

Deepak A KapoorKathleen LatinoAnn E AndersonGillian HodesJonathan AndersonMarcus CognettiChiraag Patel

We evaluated the impact of safety protocols, including rapid testing and contact tracing, on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk exposure and transmission rates amongst healthcare workers in the outpatient care setting. Over an 11-week period, a total of 254 employees representing 38% of our total workforce had potential COVID-19 exposure and underwent voluntary COVID-19 testing. Data was stratified based on severity of risk exposure and job description. During this period, the probability of a COVID exposure being high risk decreased in Administrative (293.0%; P < 0.01) and Clinical (277.0%; P < 0.01) staff; simultaneously, viral transmission rates declined in Administrative (273.4%; P = 0.03) and Clinical (269.9%; P = 0.04) staff as well. Systematic safety protocols effectively reduce exposure risk and transmission rates in outpatient healthcare workers and should be ubiquitously adopted. [Rev Urol. 2020;22(3):93-101] © 2020 MedReviews®, LLC

SafetyCOVID-19 diagnostic testingContact tracing

Margie O'LearyView Articles
Maria J Arcila-RuizView Articles

Volume 19, Number 3Meeting Reviews

Best of the 2017 AUA Annual Meeting

Benjamin M BruckerDean G AssimosEllen ShapiroAlan W PartinMichael B ChancellorJ Curtis NickelMaria J Arcila-RuizSasha C Druskin

[Rev Urol. 2017;19(3):169–179 doi: 10.3909/riu0763] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

Percutaneous nephrolithotomyDisorders of sexual developmentBladder exstrophyProstate-specific antigenBiomarkersMicrobiomeOnabotulinumtoxinABladder pain syndromeStem cell therapyInterstitial cystitisStress urinary incontinenceKallikreinZika virusReverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplificationRefractory overactive bladderMeshectomyPudendal neuromodulationMedical expulsive therapyGlans groove

Marina CameronView Articles
Mario A EisenbergerView Articles
Marios Panagiotis MetsinisView Articles

Volume 20, Number 1Original Research

Transrectal Ultrasound–guided Versus Transperineal Mapping Prostate Biopsy: Complication Comparison

Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy • Transperieneal mapping prostate biopsy • Complications

Vladimir MouravievE David CrawfordVassilios M SkouterisPaul AranguaMarios Panagiotis MetsinisMichael SkouterisGeorge ZacharopoulosNelson N Stone

Herein, the authors compare morbidity in men who underwent both transrectal ultrasound–guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy and transperineal mapping biopsy (TPMB) at two institutions with extensive experience in both procedures. We also identified strategies and predictive factors to reduce morbidity for both procedures. In our study, 379 men from two institutions, of which 265 (69.9%) had a prior TRUS-guided biopsy, also had TPMB performed via a template with biopsies taken at 5-mm intervals. Men in the TRUS group had a median of 12 cores sampled whereas the TPMB group had 51.5 (range, 16-151). The median biopsy density was 1.1 core/cc prostate volume. Median age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level were 65 years (range, 34-86) and 5.5 ng/mL (range, 0.02-118). Of these men, 11 of 265 (4.2%) who had TRUS biopsy developed urinary tract infection compared with 3 of 379 (0.79%) of those with mapping biopsy. Infection was 14.8% in TRUS biopsy group with 13 or more cores versus 2.9% in those with 12 or less (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.6-21.2; P = 0.003). No men developed retention after TRUS biopsy whereas 30 of 379 (7.9%) did following TPMB. Older age, larger prostate volume (PV), and higher core number were associated with retention. On linear regression only age (P = 0.010) and PV (P = 0.016) remained as significant associations. Men older than 65 years had 12.8% versus 3.9% (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.6-8.4, P = 0.001) and PV greater than 42 cc had 13.4% versus 2.7% (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.1-15.1) retention incidence. In the present study TPMB is rarely associated with infection (0.78%) but more commonly with urinary retention (7.9%). Men older than 65 years and with PV greater than 42 cc were at four to five times greater retention risk. Consideration should be given to discharging these men with a urinary catheter following TPMB. [Rev Urol. 2018;20(1):19–25 doi: 10.3909/riu0785] © 2018 MedReviews, LLC®

ComplicationsTransrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsyTransperieneal mapping prostate biopsy

Mark A MoyadView Articles
Mark A PerlmutterView Articles

Volume 9, Supplement 1Review Articles

Androgen Deprivation Therapy in the Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer

New Directions in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Herbert LeporMark A Perlmutter

This article reviews the issues and controversies relevant to the treatment of advanced prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy. Initially, diethylstilbestrol was used for achieving androgen deprivation, but was replaced by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Adverse events associated with LHRH agonists include the flare phenomenon, hot flashes, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, depression, muscle wasting, anemia, and osteoporosis. Intermittent therapy has been advocated to reduce morbidity of treatment. The addition of an antiandrogen provides maximum androgen blockade. There remains controversy regarding the timing of the addition of an antiandrogen. Secondary hormonal therapies include antiandrogens, adrenal androgen inhibitors, and estrogens. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(suppl 1):S3-S8]

Androgen deprivation therapyLHRH agonistsAdvanced prostate cancerDiethylstilbestrolMaximum androgen blockade

Mark D KleidView Articles

Volume 9, Number 2Review Articles

Understanding the Natural Biology of Kidney Cancer: Implications for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Treatment Update

Arie S BelldegrunAllan J PantuckTobias KlatteMark D Kleid

During the past several decades, there has been a significant increase in the understanding of the biology, clinical behavior, and prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Such progress has led to greater sophistication in the diagnosis and classification of RCC. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of the biologic characteristics of RCC that have resulted in notable achievements in staging, prognosis, patient selection, and treatment. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(2):47-56]

AngiogenesisGeneticsMolecular markersTargeted treatmentTumor-node-metastasis classification