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Directory of Authors from the Journal and their last article.

Rebecca RinkoView Articles

Volume 18, Number 3Case Review

A Novel Approach to Mesh Revision After Sacrocolpopexy

Kristene E WhitmoreRebecca RinkoNima M ShahMelissa L Dawson

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the herniation of pelvic organs to or beyond the vaginal walls. POP affects 50% of parous women; of those women, 11% will need surgery based on bothersome symptoms. Transvaginal mesh has been used for vaginal augmentation since the 1990s. Complications from mesh use are now more prominent, and include chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, vaginal mesh erosion, and urinary and defecatory dysfunction. Presently, there is no consensus regarding treatment of these complications. Reported herein are two cases of women with defecatory dysfunction and pain after sacrocolpopexy who underwent mesh revision procedures performed with both urogynecologic and colorectal surgery. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(3):174-177 doi: 10.3909/riu0698] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Vaginal meshMesh erosionOmental flap mobilization

Regina Barragan-CarrilloView Articles

Volume 23, Number 4Case Review

Exceptional Response to Radiation Therapy to the Primary Tumor in a Patient With de Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer With High Tumor Mutation Burden

Benjamin MercierAndrew TamDaniela V. CastroSalvador Jaime-CasasAbhishek TripathiYun Rose LiRegina Barragan-Carrillo

We present the case of a patient diagnosed with de novo, low-volume metastatic prostate cancer who received first-line treatment with androgen-deprivation therapy in combination with darolutamide. The patient presented with symptoms derived from local growth from the primary tumor and received pelvic radiation therapy to the primary tumor and pelvic nodes. He experienced complete tumor regression, with high serum prostate-specific antigen declining to nondetectable levels. Next-generation genomic analysis indicated high tumor mutation burden and high microsatellite status instability. Here, we contextualize this patient’s case regarding the importance of precision genomics in radiation oncology and its potential importance for optimizing treatment.

Prostatic neoplasmsRadiation therapyNeoplasm metastasisAndrogen antagonistsprostate neoplasmcastration resistant

Reginald C BruskewitzView Articles
Rena D MalikView Articles

Volume 13, Number 1Case Review

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate

Case Review

Andrew B RosenkrantzNicholas SanfilippoMatthew E HardeeGeorge DakwarSamir S TanejaRena D Malik

"Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare tumor, making up 0.5% to 1% of all prostate carcinomas. It is typically described as an aggressive cancer, with a median postdiagnosis survival of 14 months. Presented here is a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate, with a complicated presentation of metastatic disease. Due to the extent of the patientís disease, he was treated with palliative radiation therapy using a four-field technique (AP/PA and left and right lateral fields) with 18 mV photons prescribed to the 100% isodose line. The prescription dose was 4000 cGy in 16 fractions of 250 cGy per fraction. No definitive treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate exists but varying approaches including surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have been implemented without durable response. However, multimodal treatments appear to be the most promising with longer durations of survival. [Rev Urol. 2011;13(1):56-60 doi: 10.3909/riu0494]"

Squamous cell carcinomaProstate adenocarcinomaLower urinary tractsymptomsMultimodal treatments

Ricardo R GonzalezView Articles

Volume 9, Number 2Review Articles

Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Treatment Update

Ricardo R GonzalezSteven A Kaplan

Both lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction have a very high prevalence among aging men, and there is some clinical evidence that they may share a common pathophysiology. Consequently, several preliminary studies of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors—sildenafil and tadalafil—have recently been conducted in men with concomitant erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms to determine whether these agents are effective for the treatment of symptomatic BPH. These studies have demonstrated efficacy, both alone and in combination with an -blocker, in treating lower urinary tract symptoms along with sexual dysfunction. However, larger-scale randomized studies are necessary to determine long-term safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness. [Rev Urol. 2007;9(2):73-77]

Benign prostatic hyperplasiaLower urinary tract symptomsErectile dysfunctionTadalafilSildenafilPhosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

Richard A SantucciView Articles

Volume 18, Number 2Review Articles

Urethral Strictures and Stenoses Caused by Prostate Therapy

Treatment Update

Richard A SantucciMang L ChenAndres F Correa

The number of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia is on the rise. As a result, the volume of prostate treatment and treatment-related complications is also increasing. Urethral strictures and stenoses are relatively common complications that require individualized management based on the length and location of the obstruction, and the patient’s overall health, and goals of care. In general, less invasive options such as dilation and urethrotomy are preferred as first-line therapy, followed by more invasive substitution, flap, and anastomotic urethroplasty. [Rev Urol. 2016;18(2):90-102 doi: 10.3909/riu0685] © 2016 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerBenign prostatic hyperplasiaComplicationsStrictureStenosis

Richard A SteinView Articles
Richard A WatsonView Articles
Richard AlexanderView Articles
Richard B HayesView Articles
Richard BergerView Articles
Richard D UrmanView Articles

Volume 15, Number 4Review Articles

Anesthetic Challenges in Robotic-assisted Urologic Surgery

Management Review

Richard D UrmanRichard L HsuAlan D Kaye

Robotic-assisted surgery has evolved over the past two decades with constantly improving technology, assisting surgeons in multiple subspecialty disciplines. The surgical requirements of lithotomy and steep Trendelenburg positions, along with the creation of a pneumoperitoneum and limited access to the patient, all present anesthetic management challenges in urologic surgery. Patient positioning requirements can cause significant physiologic effects and may result in many complications. Good communication among team members and knowledge of the nuances of robotic surgery have the potential to improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency, and reduce surgical and anesthetic complications. [Rev Urol. 2013;15(4):178-184 doi: 10.3909/riu0589] © 2014 MedReviews®, LLC

Robotic surgeryUrologic surgeryAnesthesia complicationsPneumoperitoneumPeripheral nerve injuryPatient positioning

Richard E GreenbergView Articles

Volume 10, Number 4Review Articles

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Failures and Beyond: Contemporary Management of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Management Review

Michael A O'DonnellThomas E KeaneH Barton GrossmanRichard E GreenbergMichael S Cookson

In the United States, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the treatment most used for superficial bladder cancer. Patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) treated with intravesical BCG plus interferon have a 60% to 70% chance of a complete and durable response if they were never treated with BCG or if they failed only 1 prior induction or relapsed more than a year from induction. Intravesical gemcitabine is safe, but its usefulness for BCG-refractory patients is unclear. Valrubicin, approved for intravesical treatment of BCGrefractory CIS of the bladder, has efficacy and acceptable toxicity. Cystectomy should be considered in high-risk, non–muscle-invasive cancer, particularly if intravesical therapy failed. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(4):281-289]

Bacillus Calmette-GuérinBladder cancerCystectomyGemcitabine

Richard E LinkView Articles
Richard G HarrisView Articles
Richard G TrohmanView Articles

Volume 10, Number 2Review Articles

The QT Interval and Selection of Alpha-Blockers for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Treatment Update

Norman E LeporLawrence A HillRichard G TrohmanHerbert Lepor

The QT interval is the electrocardiographic manifestation of ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Drug-induced long QT syndrome is characterized by acquired, corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation that is associated with increased risk of torsade de pointes. Every physician must recognize if the drugs he or she prescribes prolongs the QTc interval, especially if the drug is prescribed for a chronic condition in older patients who are on polypharmacy. The evolution of alpha-blockers for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia has allowed the development of drugs that are easier to administer and better tolerated. Because alpha-blockers generally have equivalent efficacy, this class of drugs is typically differentiated by safety and side effects. Studies suggest that alpha-blockers may vary in regard to their effect on the QT interval, and, therefore, on their predisposition to cause potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(2):85-91]

BlockersBenign prostatichyperplasiaDrug-induced long QT syndromeTorsade de pointes

Richard Gerald HarrisView Articles
Richard HumView Articles

Volume 19, Number 1Review Articles

Prostate Biopsy Characteristics: A Comparison Between Pre- and Post-United States Preventive Service Task Force Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines of 2012

Cancer Screening Assessment

Thomas HuebnerVladimir IoffeNavin ShahRichard Hum

This article compares prostate cancer (PCa) characteristics diagnosed by prostate biopsy in the years before and after the 2012 United States Preventative Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations against PCa screening. We completed a retrospective comparative analysis of 402 sequential PCa biopsy-diagnosed patients in 2010 to 2012 (3 years) with 269 PCa patients diagnosed in 2015 to 2016 (18 months). Data were collected on patient age, total number of biopsies performed, prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason sum score, and digital rectal examination results. The data were analyzed to determine whether the 2012 USPSTF screening recommendations affected PCa characteristics. [ Rev Urol. 2017;19(1):25-31 doi: 10.3909/riu0745] © 2017 MedReviews®, LLC

Prostate cancerCancer screening

Richard J CoteView Articles

Volume 10, Number 1Review Articles

Superficial Bladder Cancer: An Update on Etiology, Molecular Development, Classification, and Natural History

Treatment Update

John P SteinErik PasinAnirban P MitraDavid Y JosephsonRichard J Cote

Superficial “non–muscle-invasive” bladder tumors represent a heterogeneous group of cancers, including those that are (1) papillary in nature and limited to the mucosa, (2) high grade and flat and confined to the epithelium, and (3) invasive into the submucosa, or lamina propria. The goal of treatment is 2-fold: (1) to reduce tumor recurrence and the subsequent need for additional therapies and the morbidity associated with these treatments and (2) to prevent tumor progression and the subsequent need for more aggressive therapy. This update reviews important contemporary concepts in the etiology, molecular mechanisms, classification, and natural history of superficial bladder cancer. [Rev Urol. 2008;10(1):31-43]

Transitional cell carcinomaBladder neoplasmsNon–muscle-invasive tumorMolecular mechanismsGenitourinary tumors

Richard K LeeView Articles

Volume 14, Number 3Review Articles

Update on Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Treatment Update

Richard K LeeDean S EltermanSteven A KaplanAlexis E TeBilal Chughtai

Many aging men will experience both erectile dysfunction (ED) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), resulting in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Basic and clinical evidence suggests common pathogenic mechanisms underlying both LUTS and ED. Decreases in the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway with age result in decreased levels of intracellular cGMP and calcium, leading to diminished smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder and prostate and worsening LUTS. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors as monotherapy in combination with a-blockers have shown efficacy in treating both LUTS and ED. Tadalafil has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH, with or without concomitant ED. [Rev Urol. 2012;14(3/4):79-86 doi: 10.3909/riu0559] © 2013 MedReviews®, LLC

Benign prostatic hyperplasiaLower urinary tract symptomsErectile dysfunctionPhosphodiesterase inhibitorsTadalafilSildenafilVardenafil